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• Article 21.3 of the Declaration for Human Rights states that a genuine and credible election is a human right
• Technology increases the attack surface of voting systems, making them vulnerable to cyber attacks and alleged cyber attacks
• Post-election audits using paper ballots are a good means of generating trust and confidence in the election result
• Risk limiting audits, pioneered by Philip Stark, require a secure paper trail and a random sample of ballots to be drawn in order to gain confidence in the election result
• Only the state of Colorado has implemented risk limiting audits, while some states still use machines without paper evidence
• Voter-verified paper evidence is crucial in ensuring the accuracy and integrity of the election result

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• ATM machines are vulnerable to physical and logical attacks
• Physical attacks include brute force attacks and resonant attacks
• Logical attacks include malware attacks and black box attacks
• Different interfaces are used to connect dispensers to PCs, including RS-232, SDC bus, and USB
• USB is the most common and complex interface, with a lot of abstractions and the need for a hardware sniffer to see data at a low level

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• Meltdown breaks memory isolation and allows any program to access system memory
• The talk discusses the basics of microarchitectural side effects and out-of-order execution on modern processors
• The talk presents a behind-the-scenes timeline of the research on Meltdown and how it allowed reading arbitrary kernel-memory locations including personal data and passwords
• The talk shows how Meltdown is mitigated in software using the KAISER defense mechanism
• The talk discusses the situation around the patches, Meltdown variants, yet undisclosed attacks, and further proposed mitigations
• The talk concludes with the need to find a trade-off between security and performance for new designs
• A proof of concept implementation of Meltdown is published on GitHub

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• GitLab's vulnerability to the common truncation vulnerability is used as a case study for exploitation
• The IDP's features and configurations greatly influence exploitability
• Two-factor authentication may not completely eliminate the vulnerability
• Self-registration and mutable identities increase the impact of the vulnerability

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• Impersonating a target's voice requires scraping data from a publicly available source, selecting high-quality samples, transcribing and chunking the audio, and using data augmentation techniques such as shifting pitch.
• The quality and quantity of data are important, but scraping data from a public source limits the amount of high-quality data available.
• Data augmentation techniques can multiply the training data set and reduce the amount of manual transcription required, but can also introduce potential overfitting.
• The presentation also discusses the broader context of machine learning for offense in cybersecurity, including adversarial attacks, poisoning the well, and attacks using machine learning systems.
• An anecdote is given about the potential security implications of adversarial attacks on self-driving systems.

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• Cloud environments have highly dynamic inventory and heavy focus on automation, which can amplify human error.
• Traditional approaches to detecting malicious behavior don't work in a cloud native environment.
• The shared responsibility model includes a missing layer at the API level.
• Understanding the API layer is crucial for detecting threats and understanding the responsibility boundary.
• Cloud providers release services quickly, so it's important to keep up with their offerings.
• Key takeaways include the importance of taking advantage of cloud provider APIs and exploring learning resources.

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• Over half of the card readers assessed were affected by vulnerabilities
• All vendors were affected by the findings
• Manufacturers should implement strong security practices in the development process
• Merchants should avoid swipe transactions

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• Deception technologies are a legitimate and effective security layer of defense
• Deception technologies feature a variety of traps, deceits, and lures distributed across the enterprise's internal environment
• Adversaries will inevitably adapt to deception technologies
• There are key weaknesses in deception technologies that persistent attackers can exploit
• The speaker provides guidelines, tactics, and an open-source tool for red teams to avoid getting trapped during engagements

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• Smart city technology encompasses a range of different technologies, including industrial systems, urban automation, public safety and emergency management technology, intelligent transportation systems, and metropolitan area networks.
• There are serious privacy concerns with smart city technology, as citizens may not have the same choices they have in their own private homes.
• The presentation focuses on newly discovered pre-auth attacks against multiple smart city devices from different categories of smart city technology.
• The implications of successful attacks on smart city technology could have serious consequences.
• Implantable medical devices offer lessons for smart city technology vendors, as updating these devices can be difficult once they are implanted.
• The vendors of the smart city devices responded positively to the disclosure of the vulnerabilities and issued patches to fix them.
• Testing smart city devices could be expanded as a public service.
• The future of smart city technology is discussed.

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• Hyper-V components are being moved into user mode for better security posture
• Mitigations such as hvc and K CFG are being implemented for general hardening
• Investment in hardware-based security features such as CT is being made
• VSPs in the worker process provide isolation on a per VM basis
• Worker process is being further hardened to prevent escalation to kernel level
• Hyper-V Avanti bounty program offers high rewards for finding vulnerabilities