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• Kubernetes provides primitives for defining applications, but infrastructure operators need to map these primitives to actual infrastructure solutions.
• Platform reliability engineers, or Kubernetes cluster operators, are responsible for mapping availability zones, security policies, load balancing, and metrics to infrastructure.
• VMware's software-defined data center can be used to map Kubernetes constructs to vSphere clusters, NSX distributed firewall, NSX load balancer, and Wavefront for monitoring.
• Pivotal Container Service (PKS) can be used to create a consistent and repeatable method for deploying a Kubernetes cluster.
• Infrastructure Offload can improve Kubernetes performance by moving network policy, routing, and load balancing rules off of the compute platform and into the infrastructure.

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• Source code analysis tools such as OASP can help analyze source code and compiled versions of code to find security flaws
• Validating the source of code, build system, and artifact pushers can ensure trusted software development and deployment
• Vulnerability scanning with tools like Claire and Trivi can help identify known CVEs
• Immutable dependencies and ephemeral builds can mitigate attacks on code dependencies and build infrastructures
• Observability through metrics and logging can help audit user and privilege changes and security events
• Source code analysis tools such as OASP can help analyze source code and compiled versions of code to find security flaws

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• Cloud native and Kubernetes have become popular in modern IT deployments, but challenges remain in areas where HPC can have a larger impact.
• HPC involves aggregating computing power to deliver higher performance for solving large problems in science, engineering, and business.
• HPC deployments require low latency, high throughput, and numeral awareness, which are not common in most deployments.
• Advanced scheduling is also important for HPC deployments with millions of jobs and users with different software needs.
• The speaker shares an anecdote about CERN's experience with transitioning to Kubernetes for their HPC needs.
• High throughput computing is a similar paradigm to HPC, but focuses on the efficient execution of a large number of loosely coupled tasks.
• The speaker highlights the similarities between high throughput computing and cloud native systems.