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Conference: Defcon 31
Authors: Tracy Mosley Trenchant
2023-08-01
4G? LTE? 3GPP? A lot of telecommunications terminology gets thrown around, but what does it actually mean? While terms like “5G”, and “packet core” may be in common use, it’s hard to understand what they mean in terms of attack surface, or even as a consumer. Very often even network diagrams will show “Core Network” as a big blob, or stop at the Radio Access Network. It’s hard to have insight into the cellular network. So, I’ll explain generation by generation!
In this talk we will walk through each step of cellular evolution, starting at 2G and ending at 5G. The never-ending attack and defend paradigm will be clearly laid out. In order to understand the attack surface, I’ll cover network topology and protocol.
For each cellular generation, I will explain known vulnerabilities and some interesting attacks. In response to those vulnerabilities, mitigations for the subsequent cellular generation are put in place. But as we all know, new mitigations mean new opportunities for attackers to get creative.
While I will explain most cellular-specific terminology, a familiarity with security concepts will help to better understand this talk. Basic foundations of communications systems, information theory or RF definitely make this talk more enjoyable, but are absolutely not necessary. It’s a dense topic that is highly applicable to those working on anything that touches the cellular network!
Conference: KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America 2022
Authors: Christian Huebner, Amar Kapadia
2022-10-26
tldr - powered by Generative AI
The presentation discusses the challenges of orchestrating private 5G networks and the role of open source in addressing these challenges. A demo is shown to illustrate the process of onboarding a 5G application using RNA Network's multi-cluster orchestration platform and an orchestrator.
- Orchestrating private 5G networks involves managing diverse components such as network services, infrastructure, edge computing applications, and network slicing
- Open source projects are increasingly used as the reference implementation for open standards and can reduce vendor lock-in
- Linux Foundation has several open source projects related to service orchestration such as MCO Edge, networking, and RNA networks
- The demo shows how to onboard a 5G application using RNA Network's multi-cluster orchestration platform and an orchestrator in a matter of minutes
- The demo illustrates the simplicity and speed of spinning up a private 5G network on commodity hardware
Conference: KubeCon + CloudNativeCon Europe 2022
Authors: Madalina Lazar, Denisio Togashi
2022-05-18
tldr - powered by Generative AI
Telemetry Aware Scheduling is an open-source project that uses telemetry to make smarter scheduling decisions for workloads in Kubernetes clusters.
- Telemetry Aware Scheduling (TAS) is an open-source project that extends Kubernetes' scheduling paradigm to use knowledge of resources to impact scheduling decisions.
- TAS uses telemetry to help make scheduling decisions and is an extender of the Kubernetes scheduler.
- TAS allows for filtering and scoring nodes and utilizes node affinity rules via fixed and custom labels.
- TAS uses telemetry where scheduling policies that are structurally based on rules which are based on metrics that come from the cluster.
- TAS requires a metrics pipeline to expose, collect, store, and make metrics available to the Kubernetes custom metrics API.
- TAS works together with the default scheduler and returns a suggested outcome of pod placement to the default scheduler.
- TAS supports multi-metric rules that contain multiple metrics and can link them together with operators such as any off or all of.
Conference: KubeCon + CloudNativeCon Europe 2022
Authors: Nikolay Nikolaev
2022-05-17
tldr - powered by Generative AI
The Open RAN Alliance is adopting cloud native technologies, specifically Kubernetes, to modernize the Radio Access Network and meet the demands of 5G technology.
- The modernization of networking started with software defined networking and virtualization of hardware resources.
- Cloud native technologies have created a new wave of networking virtualization that allows for scalable applications and closely coupled systems.
- The Open RAN Alliance was created in 2018 to standardize the logical architecture of the Radio Access Network and decouple software from underlying hardware platforms.
- The platform that hosts the software and hardware to implement the Open RAN architecture is called O-Cloud, which leverages Kubernetes.
- O-Cloud can host several on-premise Kubernetes clusters and public cloud-managed Kubernetes clusters as well as other types of workloads.
- The adoption of cloud native principles brings flexibility to the infrastructure and allows for a tremendous change in the way it is managed and operated.
- Challenges still exist, such as networking challenges and accessing accelerators, but the development of technology within the Open RAN Alliance has a serious impact on the rest of the cloud native community.