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• Introducing a new cluster CA is necessary for security and compliance purposes
• The process involves updating server-side components and certificates in a well-defined multi-step process
• Cross-signed CA certificates are used to maintain existing MTLS connections
• The new CA is rolled out across all server-side components
• The client and server certificates are updated to be issued from the new CA
• The cross-signed new CA certificate by the old CA is included in the chain to validate existing MTLS connections

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• Open Cluster Management is a CNCF Sandbox project that enables users to manage multiple Kubernetes clusters
• It works with almost any CNCF compliant distribution and is vendor-neutral
• The project provides inventory of clusters, distribution of work, policy configuration, and application add-ons
• The hub-spoke architecture of Open Cluster Management allows for centralized management of a fleet of clusters
• The manage cluster kind is a representation of the fleet that can be queried against in Kubernetes

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• IAC eliminates human errors and reduces costs by automating infrastructure deployment and management
• Configuration drift can occur in manual deployment and management, which can jeopardize deployment cycles and increase project vulnerability
• Crossplane uses Kubernetes API and declarative approach to automate infrastructure deployment and management, ensuring consistency and alignment between developers and operations
• However, there are security risks associated with IAC, and bridging the gap between DevOps and SecOps can be a challenge
• Crossplane addresses these challenges by using Version Control configuration, providing visibility and applying guardrails and rules
• Crossplane can create infrastructure and policies using simple YAML files, such as EC2 instances and S3 buckets
• Composite resources can be used to create more complex infrastructure, such as EKS clusters
• Crossplane extends the functionality of Kubernetes clusters and provides self-service to developers

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• Managing RBACs and access control in Kubernetes at scale is a challenge for organizations with hundreds of clusters and developers.
• Manual management of RBACs is impractical and requires automation to ensure the right people have access to the right things.
• Periscope is an open-source project that automates RBAC management and access control in Kubernetes.
• Periscope allows for secure access to clusters behind a firewall and dynamically injects RBACs just in time.
• Periscope also provides strong authentication for all user access and allows for governance and compliance by tracking commands run against clusters.

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• Cluster API is a tool for declarative lifecycle management of Kubernetes clusters using Kubernetes primitives.
• It aims to provide a common language and interface for managing Kubernetes clusters across different infrastructure providers.
• It consists of a management cluster and a workload cluster.
• The management cluster is the Kubernetes cluster used for managing other Kubernetes clusters.
• The workload cluster is the Kubernetes cluster being managed by Cluster API.
• Cluster API has plugable infrastructure providers for different environments.
• It allows for high-level operations like scaling and auto-scaling of clusters.
• VMware Tanzu is entirely built on Cluster API.

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• The workshop repository is located at github.com/buoyantio/service-mesh-academy
• Participants need to check out the multi-cluster failover directory
• The workshop requires two clusters named east and west
• The readme file contains all the necessary steps to set up the failover configuration
• Injecting resources like deployments and stateful sets is possible with linkerd inject

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• Airbnb migrated from monolith architecture to SOA and majority of workloads from EC2 to Kubernetes
• Legacy in-house service mesh no longer met their needs
• Adopted Istio as the foundation for their next generation service mesh
• Established confidence in Istio and started full speed migration
• Multi-cluster requirement led to adoption of external control plane and flat network model
• Multi-environment support includes multi-tier mesh, mesh expansion, and external services