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• GitHub Actions is a CI/CD platform with over 2 million workflows used by open-source projects, and each workflow gets a GITHUB token.
• Restricting permissions for the GITHUB token is recommended by GitHub and the Open Source Security Foundation (OSSF) Security Scorecards.
• Setting permissions for the token is difficult and time-consuming, as different GitHub Actions require different permissions.
• SecureWorkflows is an open-source project that can automatically set minimum permissions for the GITHUB token, based on a knowledge base of required permissions for common GitHub Actions.
• SecureWorkflows has been used to set token permissions for hundreds of workflows, including for the GitHub Actions starter workflows, and is recommended by OSSF Scorecards to fix token permissions.
• The importance of setting minimum permissions for the GITHUB token is illustrated by a story of a supply chain attack on the VS Code GitHub repository, where a security researcher was able to push a commit to a release branch using a GitHub Actions workflow and an injected token with content's right permission.

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• The current common Kubernetes risk assessment framework is based on the CIS benchmarks for Kubernetes
• The framework only covers security misconfigurations and doesn't go deeper than the security configurations of the various elements
• Real attacks can start by multiple elements expanding beyond security misconfigurations
• There is a need for an additional risk-assessment framework that can go deeper than the Kubernetes configurations, verifying that all other attack methods, steps, and stages are covered
• MITRE has crafted an ATT&CK matrix for containers/Kubernetes, which consists of tactics and techniques used in real attacks

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• The need for a next generation of software delivery capabilities beyond automation to autonomous and industrial scales
• The concept of software factories to remind us of the importance of delivery
• The importance of establishing open visibility within the organization to drive trust
• The implementation of modern governance and automated governance in software delivery capabilities
• The automation of control gates to remove the cognitive load of understanding tools in depth
• The externalization of policy application from the tools themselves to other centralized systems

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• Artillios.io is addressing the issue of software supply chain security in a microservices world
• S-bombs and CVE data are important in tracking vulnerabilities and dependencies
• Artillios.io aggregates S-bombs and CVE data to provide a comprehensive view of an application's components and their vulnerabilities
• The use of S-bombs and CVE data saves time and resources in tracking vulnerabilities and redundancies
• The presentation suggests the need for better management of code in an assembly line and the potential for autonomous coding in the future

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• Partnering with companies that specialize in security can help reduce the burden of maintaining software security while still ensuring overall security
• Key concepts of security include confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity, non-repudiation, accountability, and anonymity
• There is an ebb and flow between openness and closeness needed for a functional environment and security
• Security certifications and standards such as Common Criteria, NIAP, DISA's Security Technology Information Guides, Phipps 140.3 Standard, and CIS Benchmarks are important for maintaining software security

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• Malicious packages are a significant threat, costing billions of dollars in damages
• Attackers use various techniques such as dependency hijacking, typo squatting, and brain jacking to exfiltrate private information and evade detection
• Solutions such as Salsa and S-BOM are being explored to reduce the risk of malicious packages
• Categorizing malicious packages is a challenge for the community

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• OnSiteCode connects to various tools in the software supply chain to analyze changes in real-time and provide notification of intrusive events
• The platform is policy-based and covers different layers of security, including access, insecure configurations, sequence detection, leak detection, infrastructure as code, and cloud security scanning
• Access-related configurations and privileged access are analyzed to ensure adherence to security standards
• The platform can detect anomalies and behaviors such as commits outside of normal working hours, peer reviews from non-developer accounts, and changes in work patterns for employees leaving the company
• The platform can assist with mitigating the risk of intellectual property theft
• Additional tooling is recommended for organizations with complicated release cycles to conform to NIST guidelines

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• The complexity of package and dependency management in software development makes it difficult to express boundaries between dependencies and automate the process.
• Solutions proposed include providing installation prerequisites, using a single package manager, and using general-purpose package managers such as Spack, Conda, Nix, and Guix.
• Package URLs can be used to name packages and a universal versioning system can be used to deal with version ranges.
• The universal versioning system can accommodate different versioning schemes and express version ranges in a universal way.